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Developmental psychology examinaon 1
1-7 T T F T F T T
8-12 BACAC
13-16 ACAD
17-21 BAABC
24-32 DCABBCCDD
33-38 T T T T T F
39-50 CADAABCABCBB
22. Brie&y list and describe the 3 major steps of the scien+c method
The scientific method involves three major steps: (1) identifying questions of
interest, (2) formulating an explanation, and (3) carrying out research that either
lends support to the explanation or refutes it.
23. Identify and explain one theoretical perspective on life span development.
Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory.
Freud’s psychoanalytic theory suggests that unconscious forces act to determine
personality and behavior. To Freud, the unconscious is a part of the personality
about which a person is unaware. It contains infantile wishes, desires, demands,
and needs that, because of their disturbing nature, are hidden from conscious
awareness. Freud suggested that the unconscious is responsible for a good part of
our everyday behavior. According to Freud, everyone’s personality has three
aspects: id, ego, and superego. The id is the raw, unorganized, inborn part of
personality that is present at birth. It represents primitive drives related to
hunger, sex, aggression, and irrational impulses. The id operates according to the
pleasure principle, in which the goal is to maximize satisfaction and reduce
tension. The ego is the part of personality that is rational and reasonable. The ego
acts as a bu*er between the external world and the primitive id. The ego operates
on the reality principle, in which instinctual energy is restrained in order to
maintain the safety of the individual and help integrate the person into society.
Finally, Freud proposed that the superego represents a person’s conscience,
