Désirée’s Baby Summary
As a child, Désirée was found by Monsieur Valmonde, a wealthy French Creole who owns a
plantation in Louisiana. The Valmondes decided to raise Désirée as their daughter, doting
on her because they were never able to have children of their own.
• One day, Désirée’s neighbor, Armand Aubigny, sees her standing by the gate and
immediately falls in love. Despite protests from his wealthy family, Armand decides to
marry the nameless, mysterious Désirée, whose family history is unknown.
• By the time the story begins, Désirée and Armand are already married and have had a baby.
Their marriage, once so passionate and loving, turns bitter and resentful when the baby is
revealed to be part African American.
• Armand accuses Désirée of being black. Distraught, she takes the baby and walks off into
the wilderness, never to be seen again. Later, while burning Désirée’s things, Armand reads
a scrap of one of his mother’s letters, in which she thanks God for keeping her secret: that
Armand is part black.
Summary In “Desiree’s Baby” Chopin explores Southern racism and the widespread
abhorrence of miscegenation (the mixture of races, specifically the cohabitation or marriage
between a white person and a member of another race). The story focuses on the life of a young
woman named Desiree who was adopted into a wealthy Louisiana family and who grows up and
marries a wealthy Louisiana plantation owner. When Desiree and her husband Armand have a
child who appears to have black blood, Armand accuses Desiree of having mixed ancestry. As an
adopted female, she has no power to argue with him. Then the plot takes an unexpected twist,
and the tragedy that results leads to a brutal understanding of the personal degradations that arise
from a social system based on white supremacy and the subjugation of women and people of
color.
The truth Chopin reveals at the end of her story makes Armand’s life and his condemnation of
Desiree tragically ironic. “Desiree’s Baby” dramatizes Armand’s anger and racism and the plight
of Desiree, who has no identity apart from her husband. Armand values his prestigious name
more than his wife, and he considers her delivery of a black child the ultimate disgrace. The
accusation of mixed ancestry disrupts the marriage and reevaluates Desiree’s worth. Thus, the
story’s focus allows Chopin to portray the legacy of the slavery system, the force of sexual
passion, and the confused sense of honor that ruled these characters’ lives.
Summary As the story opens, Madame Valmonde is on her way to visit Désirée and her new
baby. As she makes the short trip to the nearby plantation, Madame Valmonde thinks back to the
time when Désirée was herself an infant. Her husband had found the child lying asleep near a
pillar at the entrance to the Valmonde plantation, probably having been left there by a party of
Texans who had passed by that day. Childless themselves, the Valmondes adopted Désirée.
Désirée grows into a beautiful woman, and, when she is eighteen years old, Armand Aubigny
falls in love with her. When he proposes, Monsieur Valmonde reminds Armand that her
parentage and ancestry are unknown, but Armand dismisses all objections. After all, he can give
her one of the finest names and lineages in Louisiana.
They soon marry, and at first their life together is happy. Armand, a harsh man toward his slaves,
becomes more humane; following the birth of their first child, a son, Armand grows even kinder.
Shortly thereafter, however, Armand becomes crueler than ever. He also stays away from home
for long periods of time, and when he is at home he shows no affection for Désirée. One
afternoon, as Désirée sits listlessly in her room, she glances at her child lying on the bed. A
quadroon slave is fanning the child, and suddenly she is struck by the similarity in their features.
As soon as her husband arrives, she asks for an explanation. Armand replies that her suspicions
are correct; the child is not white. If the child is not white, Armand continues, then neither is
Désirée.
She refuses to believe Armand’s accusation and writes to her foster mother to confirm her racial
purity. Madame Valmonde responds by inviting Désirée and her baby to return home. She says
nothing about Armand’s accusation, though, thus tacitly confirming it.
After receiving this letter, Désirée asks her husband what he wants her to do. He wants her to go.
She does indeed leave, but instead of returning to the Valmondes, she carries her baby into the
swamp and disappears.
Several weeks later Armand builds a bonfire in the backyard to destroy all traces of Désirée and
the child. Into the flames go the willow cradle, the baby’s expensive layette, and Désirée’s silk,
