Great Law – William Pen, established hard labor as punishment
Anglican Code – 1718, 13 capital offenses, the only crime un punishable by death being larceny.
First penitentiary – san Quentin (the west)
Auburn system -inmates kept in isolation at night but during the day, labor together in silence. (NY)
Pennsylvania System – Inmates kept in isolations for reflection. Inmates suffered mental break downs
Inmates were sexually abused. Was overcrowded.
Have incarceration rates increased? Yes. Larger # of Black and Hispanic people, more middle age inmates, more females.
What are the trends in violent and drug crime arrest rates? For VIOLENT crimes decreased since 2000’s. (1970 = 300k)
(2000 = 1.5M)
What are the causes of prison expansion? Harsher rules on drugs laws. Increase length of prison sentence. “Build em, they will
come”.
How does prison expansion relate to “war on drugs”? Because people are locked up for a Long time for drug offences instead
of being rehabilitated.
State by state differences? States near each other have similar crime rates.
Correctional expenditures have increased. (1982 = 13 mill.) (2010 = 49mill.)
($71B on prisons) & ($534B on education)
CJ Funnel? 1000 crimes but 500 reported.
500 reported. 400 crimes unsolved. (100 people arrested)
Out of the 100, 30 are dismissed or put on probation, 35 are juveniles, 30 are dropped, and 65 are adults considered for
prosecution.
Out of the 65, 35 cases accepted for prosecution. And 30 bailed. (This is how the funnel works. The amount of people that
commit a crime and are Incarcerated vary.)
Robbery. (Belgium being 1st) Us is average when it comes to Assault. (Scotland being 1st) In Norway, the max is 21 years for ANY
crime.