Comparison of Public Human Resource Management between China and United States
In nowadays, people pay more and more attention to the government central position in the
economy and the society. An effective government, regarding to the economy, the society
and even the government development is absolutely necessary. The various countries
experience indicated that, an effective government surely is a function limited government,
behavior legally achievement government, authority multi- centers disposition
government, decision-making highly democratic government, information highly
transparent government and naturally also a government has an intelligent, capable and
high morale employee team. All of these depend on an advanced modern Public Human
Resources Management System (PHRMS) since no matter making policy, providing
services or managing contracts, the ability of the government is always decided by their
talented employees.
The modern PHRMS has many components, including recruitment, training, promotion,
layoff, wages bonus, rights protection and so on. The characteristic of recruitment is that
not based on individual relations, as “who do you know”“, but based on individual
competence by the competitive employment exams such as written exam, interview and so
on. According to the position, the exams may be nationwide, regional or just in a
department. As same as the recruitment, promotion does not depend on personal
relationship either, but competence and performance. Thus, employee can keep paying
much more attention on their working performance, not consider a lot to please their
superiors. In public sectors, since salaries and wages are generally above average level in
society, and there is a suitable disparity between the upper and lower classification, a lot of
talented employee are able to congregate in the important administrative and strategic
positions. In one word, the core characteristic of modern PHRMS is that not to appoint
people by favoritism, but through competitive recruitment, promotion and inspiring system
to ensure the employee on duty is most suitable to their positions.
In China, before 1993, PHRMS is executive based on the cadre system. The cadre system
basically is one identity system. In other words, the entire society divides into two types of
people: one is cadre that in the govern position and the other one is populace that in the
position to be governed, including workers and farmers. Once a person is identified as a
cadre, he/she will have the relevant reputation, the social viscounty and the welfare
treatment to this classification.
Besides this identity characteristic, the cadre system also has the following characteristics.
It is lack of administration. The personnel appointment basically depends upon the
