Chronic Kidney Disease:
A Physiological Case Study
Selena Isabella Pama, Elizabeth Leal
November 19th, 2019
Physiology:
There are four components of the urinary system: kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder and
urethra. Under normal conditions, the main function of the urinary system is to remove waste
and excess water from the body through urine as well as filter blood. Specific regulatory
functions of the kidney include composition of plasma and it’s osmolarity, controlling plasma
and blood volume, as well as controlling blood pressure and plasma. There are four major
processes in the formation of urine: filtration, reabsorption, secretion and excretion. Filtration
focuses on allowing small molecules (i.e. glucose, amino acids, water, salts) into the filtrate and
preventing large molecules (i.e. blood cells and plasma proteins) from entering. This section of
the process is maintained by the glomerular capillaries. Reabsorption is the movement of solutes
and water from the tubule back into the plasma by using the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)
