Chapter 14: DISORDERS OF INSUFFICIENT NUTRITION
Malnutrition is the term associated with a lack of nutrients being supplied to the
body. This could be a result of starvation or a diet lacking in specific nutrients.
Malnutrition can be broken down into two major types: macronutrient and
micronutrient. The first is a lack of protein or all major nutrients; the second is a
lack of specific micronutrients (vitamins and minerals).
It is important to feed the body enough proteins, fats, and carbohydrates so it
can thrive; it is also important that the body receives the proper balance of these
nutrients to function properly.
In some parts of the world, the former is a big problem — food, specifically
protein-rich food, is scarce due to famine and poverty. In developed countries,
the issue is more one of eating healthily, rather than eating high-caloric foods
with little nutritional value.
Why would a person with access to healthy food choose to eat poorly or starve
him/herself.
Sometimes the reason is as simple as laziness or preference — often “junk”
food is easy and tasty. At times, less healthy food is also less expensive; the less
expensive options at a fast food establishment or in the grocery store are often
less healthy.
An unhealthy body image is also a factor in the choices people make in diet.
Conditions such as anorexia and bulimia are psychological in origin, but carry
serious physical consequences.
Some overeating is also psychological; some foods, especially those high in
carbohydrates, are associated with feeling of comfort. Diet fads that offer
promises of the perfect body also lure many into eating a one-sided diet, often
leading to a lack of certain nutrients.
Before undertaking a lopsided diet that is heavy in one form of macronutrient
and low in another, it is important to research carefully and seek the advice of a
physician. Diet fads come and go, all promising a beautiful, energetic body.
Some of these diets work — at least for some people for a period of time. Not
all are sustainable or offer positive long-term results. God has created our
bodies to function properly with a balanced diet.
Vegetarian and vegan diets are popular. Although this lifestyle has some clear
benefits, it is important to assure an adequate intake of protein to keep the body
healthy. Some vitamins and minerals may be missing, especially in a vegan diet,
since no animal products are consumed.
B12 is an example of a nutrient that is rarely found in a plant-based diet.
For a person with certain conditions, including food allergies, it is important to
avoid particular foods. Since an allergic reaction can vary from mild to life–
threatening, allergy sufferers should educate themselves on which foods contain
the particular allergen. They should also learn how to replace that particular
food with another one that contains some of the same nutrients.
This chapter is focused mainly on conditions arising from a lack of certain
nutrients.
MACRONUTRIENT MALNUTRITION
Chronic malnutrition is a serious health issue, especially in children under the
age of five.
According to Bridget Fenn of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical
Medicine it can lead to permanent conditions, such as stunting (short stature for
age) and physical and mental disabilities. Acute malnutrition is a medical
emergency, although it can be reversed if treated. All types of malnutrition lead
