A Tour of the Cell
YOU MUST KNOW
Three differences between prokaryotic and
eukaryotic cells.
The structure and function of organelles common to
plant and animal cells.
The structure and function of organelles found only
in plant cells or only in animal cells.
How different cell types show differences in
subcellular components.
How internal membranes and organelles contribute
to cell functions.
How cell size and shape affect the overall rate of
nutrient intake and waste elimination.
2 TYPES OF CELLS:
1. Prokaryotes: Domain Bacteria &
Archaea
2. Eukaryotes (Domain Eukarya):
Protists, Fungi, Plants, Animals
A Prokaryotic Cell (bacteria)
PROKARYOTE VS. EUKARYOTE
“before” “kernel”
No nucleus
DNA in a nucleoid
Cytosol
No organelles other
than ribosomes
Small size
Primitive
i.e. Bacteria & Archaea
“true” “kernel”
Has nucleus and nuclear
envelope
Cytosol
Membrane-bound
organelles with
specialized
structure/function
Much larger in size
More complex
i.e. plant/animal cell
CELL SIZE AND SCALE
http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/cells/scale/
Scale of the Universe:
http://www.onemorelevel.com/game/scale_of_the_unive
rse_2012
Cells must be small to maintain a large surface
area to volume ratio
