Cardiac System
Blood
Blood = Plasma [H20+ Proteins (albumin, globulin, fibrogen)] + Formed elements fired blood cells, white
blood cell, platelets)
Hemocrit– measures RBC levels
Hematopoiesis production of blood
Proerythroblast – makes RBC (controlled by erythropoietin hormone)
Magakaryoblast – makes platelets
Myoblast – makes granulocytes
Monoblast – makes monocytes
Lymphoblast – make lymphocytes
Hemoglobin oxygen transporter
Deficiency = anemia
Oxyhemoglobin – carrying oxygen
Carboxyhemoglobin – carrying carbon monoxide
Carbaminohemoglobin – carrying carbon dioxide
Deoxyhemoglobin – carrying no oxygen
Red Blood Cell Breakdown
Takes place in spleen
Hemes turn into bilirubin
Iron Fe+3 is stored
Globin is broken down into amino acids
White Blood Cells
Granulocytes – “-phils”:
Neutrophils – phagocytes
Eosinophils – parasites
Basophils – histamines
Agranulocytes – “-cytes”:
Lymphocytes – antibodies
Monocytes – phagocytes
Hemostasis arrest of bleeding
Vasoconstriction
Platelet plug (from blood reacting to collagen on outside of torn blood vessels)
Coagulation
All 3 must be activated to stop blood loss
Clotting pathway (simplified)
Extrinsic Intrinsic
Thromboplastin Collagen
Activation Factor XII
Activation Factor X
Common pathway
Fribriogen
Fibrin
Any missing factor = Hemophilia
(on X chromosome)
Blood Typing
Blood type is based on blood antigens (located on cell) and antibodies (in the blood)
Antigens on the cell indicated blood type.
A blood has A antigen, B blood, has B antigens, AB blood has A and B antigens, O bood has none.
The opposite antibodies will be present in the blood.
A blood has B antibodies, B blood has A antibodies, AB blood has no antibodies, O blood has A and B
antibodies.
Antibodies and antigens reacts and cause clotting. A patient cannot receive blood if they have antibodies
for that blood type.
A blood can receive A or O blood
B can receive B or O blood
AB can receive, A, B, AB, or O blood (universal receiver)
O blood can only receive O blood (universal donor)
rH factor is either + or –.
Either the blood cells have the antigen or not.
Hemolytic disease of newborn
