The conscious awareness of stimuli received by sensory receptors is called perception.
True
Visceroreceptors are receptors associated with joints, tendons, and other connective tissue.
False
The sensory speech area is Broca area.
True?
Which of the following is a somatic sense?
Touch
If you feel someone touch you on the shoulder, the person has stimulated a(n) ____ sense.
Somatic
Which of the following is a visceral sensation?
Pain
Mechanoreceptors respond to
Compression of receptors
The pain a person experiences with acute appendicitis results from stimulating nerve endings
called
Visceroreceptors
Free nerve endings respond to
Temp change and pain
When a person is exposed to temperature extremes, why is it difficult to distinguish hot from
cold objects?
At extremes, pain receptors are stimulated by both very hot and very cold objects.
Receptors responsible for the control of muscle contractions are
Golgi tendon organs.
Pacinian corpuscles respond to
Deep cutaneous pressure and vibration
Decreased sensitivity to a continued stimulus is called
Adaptation
Slowly adapting proprioceptors that would let you know the position of your thumb without
looking at it are known as
Tonic receptors
Which of the following is an ascending pathway in the spinal cord?
Lateral spinothalamic tract
The gate control theory of pain says that pain impulses traveling through the lateral
spinothalamic tract can be suppressed by increased activity of the
Dorsal column/medial lemniscal system
Amputees frequently perceive pain in the amputated structure. This type of pain is called
Phantom pain
The size of various regions of the primary somatic sensory cortex is proportional to the _______
sensory receptors in that area of the body.
Number of
If you decide to “snap your fingers,” the first neurons to be stimulated are the
Premotor neurons
If a person decided to jump over a chair, which of the following areas organizes the motor
functions needed to carry out this action.
Premotor area
Which of the following is a descending pathway in the spinal cord?
Corticospinal tract
A patient has suffered a cerebral hemorrhage that has damaged the primary motor area of his
right cerebral cortex. As a result the
Patient cannot voluntarily move his left arm or leg
Two tracts found within the extrapyramidal system are the
Vestibulospinal and rubrospinal
The cerebellum functions as a comparator. This means that the cerebellum compares
Intended movements with actual movements
Which neurotransmitter substance has been implicated in Parkinson’s disease?
Dopamine
Wernicke area is necessary for
Understanding and formulating coherent speech
If the Broca area is damaged, the result is
Hesitant and distorted speech
Various areas of the cortex form functional pathways to conduct action potentials necessary to
perform specific functions. Arrange the areas below in proper sequence to accomplish reading a
poem aloud.
(1) visual association area
(2) premotor area
(3) Broca area
(4) primary motor area
(5) Wernicke area
(6) visual cortex
6,1,5,3,2,4
Which of these activities is associated with the left cerebral hemisphere in most people?
Mathematics and speech
The type of brain waves observed in an individual who is awake but in a quiet resting state with
eyes closed are _____ waves.
Alpha
Brain waves associated with information processing or problem solving are ____ waves.
Beta
Long-term memory may involve
a change in the shape of the neuron‘s cytoskeleton
Which of the following is an example of procedural or implicit memory?
Riding a bicycle
A major source of sensory input into the limbic system is the sense of
Smell
As the nervous system ages
Reflexes become slower
Arrange the following to reflect the correct sequence an action potential would follow to reach
the olfactory cortex of the brain:
(1) olfactory bulb
(2) olfactory cortex
(3) olfactory epithelium
(4) olfactory tract
3, 1, 4, 2
In order for a molecule to be detected by the olfactory neurons, it must
Be dissolved in fluid covering the olfactory epithelium
The medial olfactory area
Provides emotional reactions to odors
Which of the following special senses is relayed directly to the cerebral cortex without going to
the thalamus?
Smell
Which of the following is NOT a primary odor class?
Umami
The olfactory cortex is located in the _____ lobe and the secondary olfactory areas are located
in the ___ lobe.
Temporal, frontal
Sensory structures that detect taste are
Taste buds
Taste buds are not associated with _____ papillae.
Filiform
The most sensitive taste buds are found in _____ papillae.
Foliate
Taste buds
Can only perceive taste if the molecules are in solution
Arrange the following in correct sequence:
(1) gustatory cell depolarizes
(2) action potential stimulated in gustatory neurons
(3) food substance dissolves in saliva
(4) neurotransmitter released by gustatory cell
(5) food substance enters taste pore and attaches to receptor on gustatory hair
3, 5, 1, 4, 2
food substance dissolves in saliva
food substance enters taste pore and attaches to receptor on gustatory hair
gustatory cell depolarizes
neurotransmitter released by gustatory cell
action potential stimulated in gustatory neurons
The newest taste to be described is
Umami
Which type of taste has the lowest threshold?
Bitter
The ability of the olfactory system to adapt to a particular odor may involve
The intermediate olfactory area sending inhibiting impulses to the olfactory bulb
Which of the following statements is true?
A) Damaged olfactory neurons are replaced.
B) Olfactory epithelial receptors are highly specific.
C) Olfaction first goes to the thalamus and is then relayed to the cerebral cortex.
D) Continued stimulation of olfactory neurons produces the same level of response.
E) Replacement of neurons is a common phenomenon in the body.
Damaged olfactory neurons are replaced.
Match the structure with the correct tunic of the eye.
Ciliary body: vascular
Retina: nervous
Cornea: fibrous
Sclera: fibrous
Choroid: vascular
Iris: vascular
The cornea is an avascular, transparent structure that permits light to enter the eye and bends
that light as part of the eye’s focusing system.
The “colored” part of the eye is a contractile structure made of smooth muscle and is known as
the iris.
The retina is the nervous tunic of the eye and where the photoreceptors rods and cones can be
found.
The “white of the eye,” or sclera, is the firm, opaque outer layer of most of the eyeball.
Cone cells contain a visual pigment, iodopsin, which consists of retinal combined with a
photopigment opsin protein.
Match the ear component with the correct area of the ear.
Semicircular canals: Inner ear
Auricle: External ear
Chorda tympani: Middle ear
Tympanic membrane: External ear
Ossicles: Middle ear
Auditory tube: Middle ear
Cochlear: Inner ear
Auditory canal: External ear
Vestibule: Inner ear
The auricle, or pinna, is the fleshy part of the external ear that helps to collect sound waves and
direct them toward the external ear canal.
The malleus, incus, and stapes are the auditory ossicles and can be found in the middle ear.
The stapedius muscle is attached to the stapes and is innervated by the facial nerve (VII).
Place the structures of the ear in order for the transmission and interpretation of sound waves
from the external ear to the inner ear.
Malleus: 4
Stapes: 6
External auditory canal: 2
Endolymph: 10
Perilymph of scala vestibuli: 8
Vestibular membrane: 9
Incus: 5
Basilar membrane: 11
Oval window: 7
Auricle: 1
Hair cells: 12
Tympanic membrane: 3
Olfactory neurons are bipolar neurons.
The filiform papillae have no taste buds but are the most numerous papillae on the surface of
the tongue.
The vallate papillae are the largest but least numerous of the papillae.
The papillae found on the sides of the tongue that contain the most sensitive of the taste buds
are the foliate papillae.
Major tastants: salty, sweet, bitter, sour, and umami.
The sour taste results when H+ ions cause depolarization by: 1) entering cell directly through
channels, 2) binding to gated channels and preventing other ions from leaving, or 3) opening
channels for other positive ions.
The umami taste results when amino acids, such as glutamate, bind to receptors on taste hairs
of taste cells and cause depolarization through a G Protein mechanism.
Place the items involved in the conveyance of an action potential for taste in the correct order
from beginning to end.
Insula: 6
Tractus solitarius: 4
Taste cell: 1
Cranial nerves: 3
Sensory neurons: 2
Thalamus: 5
Match the accessory structure of the eye with the correct function or description.
1. Eyebrows
Help shade the eyes from direct sunlight
2. Eyelids
Helps keep eye lubricated by spreading tears over the surface
3. Conjunctiva
Thin transparent mucous membrane on the surface of the eye
4. Lacrimal apparatus
Production of tears
5. Extrinsic eye
muscles
Movement of the eye
The anterior chamber lies between the cornea and the iris and contains aqueous humor.
The posterior chamber lies between the iris and lens and is filled with aqueous humor.
The vitreous chamber is completely surrounded by the retina and is filled with a jellylike
substance.
Place the tunics of the eye in the correct order from the inside to the outside.
Vascular tunic: 2
Fibrous tunic: 3
Nervous tunic: 1
The photoreceptors that are involved in noncolor vision are __________ and the __________
are photoreceptors that are involved in color vision and visual acuity.
Rod cells; cone cells
Place the parts of the neural layer of the retina in order from the inside of the eye to the outside
of the eye.
Outer plexiform layer: 4
Bipolar layer: 3
Photoreceptor layer: 5
Ganglionic layer: 1
