SPAN 381 | Blake Giles, Julianna V. Lucero Alvarez Bilingual Word Document
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The Respiratory System
El sistema respiratorio
Index
Etymology and Lexicology
Anatomy and Physiology
Pathology and Health Professionals
Healthy Lifestyle Recommendations
Cultural Differences
Glossary
Interesting Facts
Bibliography
El indice
La etimología y lexicología
La anatomia y fisiologia
La patología y los profesionales médicos
Recomendaciones para una vida saludable
Diferencias culturales
Glosario
Datos interesantes
Bibliografia
Etymology and Lexicology
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There are common terms used in pulmonology with Greek and Latin roots that are
helpful for interpreters to know. Some of these terms include the root pneu/pnea means to blow;
pneumon means lung; and trachea means windpipe; the pulmonary artery is the blood vessel
going from the heart to the lungs; gas exchange refers to the breathing in of oxygen and blowing
out carbon dioxide.
La etimología y lexicología
Hay términos que son comunes en la neumología con raíces griegas y latinas que son útiles para
los intérpretes. Algunos de estos términos incluyen la raíz pneu/pnea que significa soplar;
pneumon significa pulmón; trachea significa tráquea; la arteria pulmonar es el vaso sanguíneo
que va desde el corazón a los pulmones; el intercambio de gases se refiere a la inhalación de
oxígeno y la exhalación de dióxido de carbono.
Anatomy and Physiology
The respiratory system consist of the: mouth, nose, pharynx/throat epiglottis, larynx/voice box
and vocal cords, trachea/windpipe, bronchi, bronchiole (literally: “smaller bronchi”), alveoli or
air sacs, respiratory center in the brain. It all starts with the mouth and nose, they bring air (O2)
into the body. Carbon Dioxide leaves the body through the mouth and nose and the nasal hairs in
nostrils filter and trap dust. Air is not filtered as much when it enters in through your mouth. The
pharynx is a tube-like passageway used by food, liquid, and air. At the lower end of the pharynx
is a flap of tissue called the epiglottis that covers the trachea during swallowing so that food does
not enter the lungs. Larynx is considered the“Voice box” which is the airway to which two pairs
of horizontal folds of tissue, called vocal cords, are attached. The vocal cords have three main
functions: To protect the airway from choking on material in the throat. To regulate the flow of
air into our lungs. The production of sounds used for speech. The Air-conducting tube or also
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known as the trachea connects the larynx with the bronchi. The trachea contains strong cartilage
rings which hold the trachea open. Without these rings your trachea might close off and air
would not be able to get to and from your lungs. The bronchi and bronchioles are similar but
different, the bronchi are the two short tubes that branch off the lower end of the trachea and
Carry air into the lungs. While the bronchioles are like tree branches, and get smaller and smaller
inside your lungs.
The main purpose of the respiratory system is to guarantee that there is a progressing trade of
oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) between the blood and the lungs. The respiratory system
is the network of organs and tissues that help you breathe. It includes your airways, lungs, and
blood vessels. These are considered muscles that power your lungs. These parts work together to
move oxygen throughout the body and clean out waste gases like carbon dioxide. The respiratory
system also has several other functions. Besides breathing, it allows you to talk and to smell,
brings air to body temperature and moisturizes it to the humidity level your body needs, delivers
oxygen to the cells in your body, removes waste gases, including carbon dioxide, from the body
when you exhale, and protects your airways from harmful substances and irritants.
Anatomia y fisiologia
El sistema respiratorio consiste en: boca, nariz, epiglotis faríngea/garganta, laringe/caja de voz y
cuerdas vocales, tráquea/tubo de viento, bronquios, bronquiolos (literalmente: “bronquios más
pequeños”), alvéolos o sacos de aire, centro respiratorio en el cerebro. Todo comienza con la
boca y la nariz, llevan aire (O2) al cuerpo. El Dióxido de Carbono sale del cuerpo por la boca y
la nariz y los vellos de las fosas nasales se filtran y atrapan el polvo. El aire no se filtra igual
cuando entra por la boca. La faringe es un pasaje tubular utilizado por los alimentos, los líquidos
y el aire. En el extremo inferior de la faringe hay un colgajo de tejido llamado epiglotis que
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cubre la tráquea durante la deglución para que los alimentos no entren en los pulmones. La
laringe se considera la “Caja de la voz”, que es la vía respiratoria a la que están adheridos dos
pares de pliegues horizontales de tejido, llamados cuerdas vocales. Las cuerdas vocales tienen
tres funciones principales: Proteger las vías respiratorias para que no se ahoguen con el material
de la garganta. Para regular el flujo de aire hacia nuestros pulmones. La producción de sonidos
usados para el habla. El tubo conductor de aire o también conocido como la tráquea conecta la
laringe con los bronquios. La tráquea contiene fuertes anillos de cartílago que mantienen la
tráquea abierta. Sin estos anillos la tráquea podría cerrarse y el aire no podría entrar y salir de los
pulmones. Los bronquios y los bronquiolos son similares pero diferentes, los bronquios son los
dos tubos cortos que se ramifican en el extremo inferior de la tráquea y llevan el aire a los
pulmones. Mientras que los bronquiolos son como las ramas de un árbol, y se hacen cada vez
más pequeños dentro de tus pulmones.
El principal propósito del sistema respiratorio es garantizar que haya un constante cambio de
oxígeno (O2) y dióxido de carbono (CO2) entre la sangre y los pulmones. El sistema respiratorio
es la red de órganos y tejidos que ayudan a respirar. Incluye las vías respiratorias, los pulmones y
los vasos sanguíneos. Se considera que son los músculos que impulsan los pulmones. Estas
partes trabajan juntas para mover el oxígeno por todo el cuerpo y limpiar los gases de desecho
como el dióxido de carbono. El sistema respiratorio también tiene varias otras funciones.Además
de respirar, le permite hablar y oler, elimina los gases de desecho, incluido el dióxido de
carbono, del cuerpo cuando exhala, y protege sus vías respiratorias de sustancias nocivas e
irritantes.
Pathology and Health Professionals
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There are many illnesses pertaining to pulmonology. In this document, four of the most common
illnesses will be discussed. The first illness is asthma. Asthma is a long term illness that is
characterized by inflamed and narrow airways causing bronchospasm. This may lead to
wheezing, coughing, and difficulty when breathing out. Some common symptoms of asthma are
difficulty breathing, and wheezing when breathing out, which makes a whistling sound. In
children, a common symptom is coughing when having an asthma attack. Other symptoms
include chest tightness, shortness of breath, and using accessory breathing muscles. Another
illness is bronchiectasis which is when air passages are dilated and then become distorted and
misshapen. Some symptoms include recurrent chest infections which also worsen the condition
of the walls of the airways, slight fever, and not feeling well during infection. Bronchitis is also
