Alexa Reyes
Gen HR Employment
Human Resource Final
May 9, 2017
Big Data: Today vs. 1854
In 1854, Daniel McCallum designed an organizational strategy that resembled a tree
rather than a pyramid for the New York and Erie railroad. This gave more powers to managers
because data flows were clarified to them and not the entirety of the employees. This was
considered a “low-tech-management- innovation”. The problem was using the data. The
telegraph’s speed made more information available, however, organizing and responding to it
became too difficult. According to McCallum’s hierarchy, divisional superintendents oversaw
