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Annotated Bibliography
Barbara Martinez
Monroe College
Bayens, G., & Smykla, J. O. (2013). Probation, Parole, & Community-Based Corrections:
Supervision, Treatment, & Evidence-Based Practice. New York, NY: McGraw Hill, pp 122-
123, 138,223-237.
G. Bayens and J. O. Smykla break down the different types of supervision that a prisoner
can be placed on, from ROR (released on recognizance) to Third-party custody, where
early released inmates become the custody and responsibility of an agency or individual in
order to ensure that they appear at every court hearing. It is expressed thoroughly that both
men agree that Parole should be abolished all together because they don’t see how the
program is doing anything to help early released inmates reintegrate back into society.
Although the crime rates in most places have gone down in recent years, Bayens and
Smykla state that the recidivism rate continues to grow. They believe that there are not
enough programs set in place to help Parolees blend back into society. They state that
instead of releasing inmates early, the government should enforce harsher punishments for
those who commit crimes in order to set an example to would-be criminals. They do
however, believe that if an inmate is released early from prison that stricter rules should be
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implemented. For example, ankle bracelets for monitoring and Release Supervision
because the rules are a lot stricter than the regulations of Parole.
Mears, D. P., & Cochran, J. C. (2015). Prisoner Reentry in the Era of Mass Incarceration.
Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, pp 23-24, 30, 211-212, 241-243.
P. D. Mears and J. C Cochran are known supporters of the new Post Release Supervision
Program. They have watched how the recidivism rate tends to rise when the punishment
may appear as something “light” to someone who has been in trouble with the law. They
noticed that the number of people on probation has grown from one million to four million
from 1980 to 2012. However, they also noticed that the number of people who were on
parole went from approximately two-hundred-and-fifty thousand to a little under one
