A Specific Cellular Response Question:hormone Answer:

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AP Biology Unit 4 Questions with

Detailed Verified Answers

Question: Endocrine system

Answer: Secretes hormones into blood from ductless glands that coordinate

slower but longer-acting responses

Question:Paracrine

Answer: Signals act on cells near the secreting cell

Question:Local regulators

Answer: Chemical signals that travel over short distances due to diffusion

Question:Autocrine

Answer: Signals act on the secreting cell itself (usually for apoptosis)

Question:Type I diabetes

Answer: An autoimmune disorder in which the immune system destroys

pancreatic beta cells (usually develops while you’re young)

Question:Type II diabetes

Answer: Involves insulin deficiency or reduced response of target cells due to

change in insulin receptors (due to being overweight and not exercising)

Question:Signal Transduction

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Answer: The linkage of mechanical, chemical, or electromagnetic stimulus to

a specific cellular response

Question:Hormone

Answer: A regulatory substance produced in an organism and transported in

tissue fluids such as blood or sap to stimulate specific cells or tissues into

action.

Question:Negative Feedback

Answer: The diminution or counteraction of an effect by its own influence on

the process giving rise to it, as when a high level of a particular hormone in the

blood may inhibit further secretion of that hormone, or where the result of a

certain action may inhibit further performance of that action.

Question:anaphase

Answer: fourth stage of mitosis, in which the chromatids of each

chromosome have separated and the daughter chromosomes are moving to

the poles of the cell

Question:benign tumor

Answer: a mass of abnormal cells that remains at the site of origin

Question:cell cycle

Answer: an ordered sequence of events in the life of a eukaryotic cell, from its

origin in the division of a parent cell until its own division into two; composed

of M, G1, S, G2

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Question:centrioloes

Answer: important during cell division; origin spindle fibers

Question:centromere

Answer: the centralized region joining two chromatids

Question:checkpoint

Answer: a critical control point in the cell cycle where stop and go-ahead

signals regulate the cycle

Question:chromatin

Answer: complex of DNA and proteins that makes up a eukaryotic

chromosome; when a cell is not diving it exists as a mass of very long, thin

fibers that are not visible with a light microscope

Question:chromosome

Answer: a threadlike, gene-carrying structure found in the nucleus; each

consists of one very long DNA molecule and associated proteins

Question:cleavage

Answer: the process of cytokinesis in animal cells, characterized by pinching

of the plasma membrane. Also, the succession of rapid cell divisions without

growth during early embryonic development that converts the zygote into ball

of cells

Question:cleavage furrow