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Name:
Class:
Date:
chapter 8
Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1. When couples use nicknames for each other, they are using personal idioms.
a.
True
b.
False
2. By understanding and learning the vocabulary of a language, you are learning:
a.
naming.
b.
denotative meanings.
c.
connotative meanings.
d.
constitutive rules.
3. Text messaging is an effective way to communicate when the message must be error-free.
a.
True
b.
False
4. When words are used as symbols, they represent:
a.
people, places, objects, and ideas.
b.
a series of speech sounds.
c.
ideas that are unspoken.
d.
printed characters.
5. A characteristic that is fundamental to conversation is that it:
a.
is regional.
b.
is reciprocal.
c.
is limited.
d.
uses scripts.
6. Relational partners in the early stages of marriage, or the "honeymoon phase," use the greatest number of
personal idioms.
a.
True
b.
False
7. What is the most frequently used form of deception?
a.
naming
b.
misunderstanding
c.
flaming
d.
concealment
8. Maria has a reputation as a gossip who tells any personal information she has heard. Her behavior violates the
ethics of which part of the Cooperative Principle?
a.
being informative
b.
regulative rules
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c.
being relevant
d.
sharing meaning
9. "If my mother asks too many questions, I'll simply tell her what she wants to hear" is an example of what?
a.
aggression
b.
deception
c.
personal idiom
d.
defensive communication
10. What is the most important characteristic of cooperative verbal communication?
a.
relationship
b.
timing
c.
context
d.
honesty
11. When someone from the North says she is going "tanning," whereas someone from the South describes the
same activity by saying he is going to "lay out," what characteristic of language is being illustrated?
a.
naming
b.
denotation
c.
dialect
d.
connotation
12. Linguistic determinism suggests that there is no relationship between language and thought.
a.
True
b.
False
13. Commissive speech acts tend to commit the speaker to future action.
a.
True
b.
False
14. Research suggests that we prefer, and relate more favorably to, those who use a dialect similar to our own.
a.
True
b.
False
15. "Until you do the right thing by me, everything you touch will crumble" is an example of what type of
speech act?
a.
expressive
b.
commissive
c.
directive
d.
declarative
16. Beth is feeling frustrated by her mother's criticism regarding her choice of friends, so Beth snaps by
shouting, "Who asked for your opinion?" What type of defensive message is Beth sending?
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chapter 8
a.
superiority message
b.
control message
c.
indifference message
d.
expressive message
17. What is a cause of unintentional misunderstandings?
a.
forgetting to selectively listen
b.
omitting pertinent information
c.
failure to use active listening
d.
All of the options are correct.
18. Communication apprehension refers to:
a.
fear experienced before a speaking event.
b.
judgment made by an audience.
c.
a phobia that cannot be managed.
d.
anxiety associated with real or anticipated interaction with others.
19. Which is an effective method for communicating with a verbally aggressive person?
a.
engage in light, witty banter
b.
avoid interaction
c.
match the person's tone
d.
increase interaction
20. An effective method for managing communication apprehension is to develop a communication plan.
a.
True
b.
False
21. You and your sister are discussing the nuances of an abstract word such as white. She types in the word on
dictionary.com, only to find many different definitions. What has she found?
a.
connotative meanings
b.
denotative meanings
c.
contextual meanings
d.
concrete meanings
22. Defensiveness is often fueled by sadness.
a.
True
b.
False
23. Verbal aggression is a form of competent communication.
a.
True
b.
False
24. The theory that people from different cultures perceive the world differently because of language is called:
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chapter 8
a.
linguistic relativity.
b.
linguistic determinism.
c.
naming.
d.
misunderstanding.
25. As opposed to denotative meaning, connotative meaning is:
a.
more literal.
b.
more effective in intimate relationships.
c.
more universal
d.
less emotional and personal.
26. "I don't use labels, I'm not a can of soup" is a criticism of what function of language?
a.
shaping thought
b.
naming
c.
sharing meaning
d.
crafting conversation
27. In considering the impact of gender and culture on verbal communication, we can conclude that:
a.
both gender and culture strongly impact verbal communication.
b.
gender has a greater impact than culture on verbal communication.
c.
culture has a greater impact than gender on verbal communication.
d.
gender and culture have little impact on verbal communication.
28. "I hope I didn't hurt your feelings" is an example of what type of speech act?
a.
representative
b.
directive
c.
declarative
d.
expressive
29. What must you consider when thinking of contingencies to your communication plan?
a.
topics your partner will bring up
b.
other people who may join your conversation
c.
your partner's physical appearance
d.
at least three ways to exit the conversation
30. Although Tesfaye studied formal English for years before he came to the United States from Ethiopia, he
has trouble understanding English conversations in social settings. Tesfaye is experiencing:
a.
personal idioms.
b.
rule-bending.
c.
linguistic creativity.
d.
plan moves.
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31. Verbal communication enables us to take action. The actions we perform with language are called:
a.
speech acts.
b.
verbal exchange.
c.
traditional language.
d.
linguistic determination.
32. Because the LGBTQ community continues to face cultural prejudice and struggle with identity terms, it
finds the naming function of verbal communication important.
a.
True
b.
False
33. Regulative rules only apply to speaking.
a.
True
b.
False
34. "I will take out the trash from now on" is an example of what type of speech act?
a.
directive
b.
representative
c.
commissive
d.
expressive
35. "This is the best birthday party I've ever attended!" is an example of what type of speech act?
a.
directive
b.
representative
c.
expressive
d.
declarative
36. Ben replied, "I don't know," when his mother asked him if he wanted to attend her book club meeting. His
reply is an example of NOT using:
a.
self-reflection.
b.
scripts.
c.
cooperative verbal communication.
d.
interactivity.
37. Communication we perceive as inappropriate, unfair, or unduly harsh may cause an instinctive reaction
known as:
a.
defensive communication.
b.
apprehension.
c.
deceptive communication.
d.
aggressive communication.
38. Which of these is NOT a type of defensive communication?
a.
a dogmatic message
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chapter 8
b.
a combative message
c.
an indifference message
d.
a control message
39. The idea that language affects how we perceive others and our relationships with them is known as:
a.
regulative rules.
b.
constitutive rules.
c.
grammatical rules.
d.
linguistic determinism.
40. Although a language's constitutive rules may change, regulative rules are constant.
a.
True
b.
False
41. Research suggests that men and women are more different than similar when it comes to language usage.
a.
True
b.
False
42. The textbook suggests using which strategy to achieve cooperative verbal communication?
a.
decreasing the use of "I" language
b.
increasing the use of "we" language
c.
increasing the use of "you" language
d.
avoiding the use of "we" language
43. According to linguistic relativity, people who speak a language that uses masculine and feminine articles
may perceive and understand their world differently than people who use a language without them.
a.
True
b.
False
44. The influx of new terms such as Wi-Fi and tweet proves that language evolves.
a.
True
b.
False
45. The language style of men has been stereotypically associated with:
a.
passive verbs.
b.
politeness.
c.
directness.
d.
wordiness.
46. Which of these would NOT be considered an example of conversation?
a.
instant messaging
b.
a real-time Internet chatroom
c.
a business meeting
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chapter 8
d.
a moderated debate
47. Being honest means sharing information even if you're not certain of its reliability.
a.
True
b.
False
48. In comparing competitive encounters to collaborative encounters, research suggests that:
a.
men use clearer, more concise language than women in competitive encounters.
b.
women use wordier, more flowery language in competitive encounters.
c.
women and men tend to use the same language, irrespective of whether the encounter is competitive
or collaborative.
d.
both women and men adjust their language, depending upon whether the encounter is competitive or
collaborative.
49. Which of the following are symbols?
a.
thoughts
b.
words
c.
attitudes
d.
values
50. The most common form of deception occurs when you tell someone something you know to be false.
a.
True
b.
False
51. A dialect does NOT include an accent.
a.
True
b.
False
52. What is the theory that suggests we cannot share our thoughts without the use of a common language?
a.
regulative rules
b.
communication plans
c.
Cooperative Principle
d.
linguistic determinism
53. If your interpersonal communication professor tailors his lectures to students in his class, he is
demonstrating the Cooperative Principle.
a.
True
b.
False
54. Communication apprehension does NOT result in:
a.
increased blood pressure.
b.
increased heart rate.
c.
mental disorganization.
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chapter 8
d.
anticipation.
55. The idea that we cannot conceive of anything for which we lack a symbol or word is called:
a.
the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis.
b.
linguistic relativity.
c.
naming.
d.
a representative speech act.
56. What verbal communication problem can evolve into bullying?
a.
nonverbal aggression
b.
verbal aggression
c.
deception
d.
defensiveness
57. If Mark decides who should speak next in a conversation by saying, "Eddie, what do you think?," this is an
example of:
a.
local management.
b.
using scripts.
c.
universality.
d.
interactivity.
58. Tweet, app, cyberbullying, sexting, and selfie have been added to our language as new technologies emerge.
New words shift a language's:
a.
regulative rules.
b.
constitutive rules.
c.
grammatical rules.
d.
intercultural rules.
59. Regulative rules tell us which words represent which objects.
a.
True
b.
False
60. If Sarah, who plans to break up with her boyfriend, devises messages based upon how she believes he will
respond to her news, she is creating:
a.
plan contingencies.
b.
communication plans.
c.
plan actions.
d.
plan moves.
61. Which of the following is NOT true about gender's effect on communication?
a.
Women are more likely to use "I" language to talk about their feelings.
b.
Women disclose more during same-gender conversations.
c.
Men and women both use clearer, more concise language in competitive encounters.
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d.
Men and women both use vaguer and wordier communication in collaborative encounters..
62. What function of language is involved when members of the LGBTQ (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual,
Transgendered, Queer) community struggle to find acceptable terms for describing sexual orientation?
a.
linguistic relativity
b.
linguistic determinism
c.
naming
d.
sharing meaning
63. Verbal aggression can:
a.
be confused with bullying.
b.
be an appropriate way to win an argument.
c.
achieve short-term goals.
d.
manifest itself in nonverbal communication.
64. Constitutive rules govern how we use language to communicate nonverbally.
a.
True
b.
False
65. "Get out of my house" is an example of what type of speech act?
a.
representative
b.
declarative
c.
directive
d.
commissive
66. Dan asked, "How many pancakes would you like?" "Don't give me more than 10," Doris responded. This
exchange is NOT an example of being:
a.
informative.
b.
clear.
c.
relevant.
d.
honest.
67. Using "I" language and using "we" language are both examples of cooperative verbal communication.
a.
True
b.
False
68. What do you need to map out when crafting a communication plan?
a.
topics to discuss
b.
messages to use in relation to the topics
c.
the physical behaviors you will demonstrate
d.
All of the options are correct.
69. Mark screams, "You are so dumb!" at his younger brother. What strategy of cooperative verbal
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chapter 8
communication is he violating?
a.
being easy to understand
b.
adapting messages to the context
c.
taking ownership of one's own thoughts and feelings
d.
being honest
70. If your girlfriend calls you "Stars" in reference to the restaurant where you met, she is using a personal
idiom.
a.
True
b.
False
71. Dogmatic messages are a type of defensive communication in which a person dismisses criticism, believing
that only his or her behavior is acceptable.
a.
True
b.
False
72. When an American Idol contestant said, "I have mad love for my hometown of Pittsburgh," the word mad
was being given a connotative meaning.
a.
True
b.
False
73. According to research by Kathy Kellermann, a critical aspect of constructing conversations is the need to
adhere to and follow:
a.
speech acts.
b.
constitutive rules.
c.
regulative rules.
d.
conversational scripts.
74. What language tells others that our feelings, thoughts, and opinions are separate from theirs?
a.
symbolic language
b.
"I" language
c.
flexible language
d.
expressive language
75. "If you don't take out the trash, you will not get your allowance" is an example of what type of speech act?
a.
representative
b.
directive
c.
declarative
d.
commissive
76. Plan contingencies involve anticipating messages—and thinking about your conversation partner's
reactions—in order to reduce communication apprehension.
a.
True
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chapter 8
b.
False
77. Symbols often have multiple meanings that can lead to misunderstanding.
a.
True
b.
False
Enter the appropriate word(s) to complete the statement.
78. _______ are words and phrases that have unique meaning for partners within a relationship.
79. _______ describes incompetent messages delivered in response to messages of suggestion or criticism.
80. The idea that people from different cultures perceive and think about the world differently because of
language is an effect known as _______.
81. Items we use to represent other people, objects, events, and ideas are considered _______.
82. Actions we perform with language are called _______.
83. _______ means not sharing information you know to be false.
84. _______ meaning is implied meaning based on the situation and knowledge we share with our
communication partners.
85. _______ is intentionally using language to mislead others.
86. Use _______ language that emphasizes ownership of your own beliefs, feelings, and opinions.
87. _______ is anxiety or fear associated with anticipated or real communication with others.
88. _______, variations on language rules, are shared by large groups of people.
89. _______ communication produces messages that are easily understood, informative, use "I" language, and
make others feel included.
90. When following the _______, we make our conversation informative, honest, relevant, and clear.
91. Creating linguistic symbols for objects is known as _______.
92. _______ is the tendency to attack others' self-concepts rather than their positions on topics of conversation.
93. _______ is the idea that language determines thought.
94. Using _______ language expresses the connection with others.
95. A word's literal, _______ meaning is found in the dictionary.
96. Mental maps called _______ lay out communication before it even occurs.
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chapter 8
97. Rules that define meaning by indicating which words represent which objects are known as _______ rules.
98. When one person misperceives another's verbally expressed thoughts, feelings, or beliefs, _______ occurs.
99. _______ communication is the exchange of spoken or written language with others during interaction.
100. Avoid _______language that focuses attention and blame upon others.
101. _______ rules govern how language is used in verbal communication.
102. Explain the different ways romantic partners may use personal idioms.
103. How can one abide by the Cooperative Principle?
104. Identify two types of cooperative language.
105. Identify four out of six functions of verbal communication.
106. Identify and explain two barriers to cooperative verbal communication.
107. Define linguistic relativity.
108. How do differences in dialect affect perception?
109. How can you use verbal communication more cooperatively?
110. Convert the following "you" language statements into "I" language: "You hurt my feelings"; "You never
listen to me"; and "You totally ruined the game for us."
111. Explain what a communication plan is and identify its two elements.
112. Identify and explain the five fundamental characteristics of language.
113. Identify the responsibilities faced by those committed to using cooperative verbal communication.
114. Name one challenge we face when trying to communicate cooperatively online.
115. Describe what linguistic determinism means.
116. Describe the two parts of a communication plan for managing communication apprehension.
117. What is the difference between concealment and deception?
118. Identify two fundamental characteristics of conversation.
119. Discuss the inherent danger of emphasizing gender's impact on language.
120. Identify and explain four characteristics of conversation.
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chapter 8
121. Identify and explain the four primary rules of the Cooperative Principle.
122. Explain why connotative meanings can vary for different people.
123. Identify the four types of defensive communication and give examples for each.
124. What are three ways of dealing with a verbally aggressive communicator?
125. Explain how communication apprehension keeps someone from being able to communicate cooperatively.
126. Identify five fundamental characteristics of language.
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Answer Key
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chapter 8
Name:
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chapter 8
Name:
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chapter 8
Name:
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chapter 8
Name:
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chapter 8
