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Page 1
1.
Which of the following individuals is said to be responsible for popularizing concepts of
hard work, independence, and organizing life through work?
A)
Karl Marx
B)
Benjamin Franklin
C)
Kenneth Burke
D)
Albert Einstein
2.
Weber saw bureaucracy as a necessary reaction to
A)
universalism.
B)
"red tape."
C)
particularism.
D)
the human relations approach.
3.
Which of the following is not a feature of Frederick Taylor's system of scientific
management?
A)
A focus on human relations
B)
Carefully developed chains of command
C)
Communication limited mainly to instructions and orders
D)
Divisions of labor
4.
In the realm of organizational theory, "the story we tell is one we favor." This describes
which characteristic of organizational communication theory?
A)
Problematic
B)
Partiality
C)
Practicality
D)
Partisanship
5.
The Hawthorne effect refers to Mayo and Roethlisberger's finding that
A)
increased compensation raises productivity.
B)
increased attention given to workers raises productivity.
C)
better environmental working conditions raise productivity.
D)
decreased stress raises productivity.
6.
Which of the following approaches to management is concerned with the total
organizational climate as well as how an organization encourages employee
participation and dialogue?
A)
Human relations
B)
Classical management
C)
Bureaucratic
D)
Human resources
Page 2
7.
Which of the three P's associated with theory most directly encourages individuals to
ask questions and enter into dialogue?
A)
Partial
B)
Postmodern
C)
Problematic
D)
Practical
8.
Which of the following theorists proposed Theory Y as an alternative to the bureaucratic
style of management?
A)
Rensis Likert
B)
Chester Barnard
C)
Mary Parker Follett
D)
Douglas McGregor
9.
According to the classical approach to management, which of the following was the
primary goal of organizations?
A)
Effectiveness
B)
Efficiency
C)
Loyalty
D)
Universalism
10.
With which of the following concepts has the human resources approach faced the most
difficulty in explaining the pragmatics and methods for implementation?
A)
Participation
B)
Control
C)
Efficiency
D)
Feedback
11.
In general, all theories share which two features?
A)
Creative and constraining
B)
Individual and organizational
C)
Individual and cultural
D)
Historical and metaphorical
Page 3
12.
The problematic features of our theories and narratives are most likely to bring out
which of the following concepts?
A)
Particularism
B)
Dialogue
C)
Creativity and constraint
D)
Human resources
13.
Which of the following approaches to management values hierarchy?
A)
Classical management
B)
Human relations
C)
Human resources
D)
All of the options are correct.
14.
According to Maslow's hierarchy, which of the following needs still serves as a
motivating factor, even if it has been fulfilled?
A)
Food
B)
Security
C)
Self-actualization
D)
Esteem
15.
According to the text, the three P's associated with theory include all of the following
EXCEPT
A)
partisan.
B)
partial.
C)
problematic.
D)
plausible.
16.
Which of the following theoretical approaches is characterized by a strict division of
labor and the power and authority of management?
A)
Theory Y management
B)
Classical management
C)
Critical postmodernism
D)
Feminist theory
Page 4
17.
The text identifies slave narratives as an example of resistance narratives. These stories
were hidden from the slaveholders but motivated individual slaves to persevere. This is
an example of which of the following concepts?
A)
Hidden transcripts
B)
Domination narratives
C)
Performative spaces
D)
Power plays
18.
Which of the following events in American history marked the rise of bureaucracy in
modern organizations?
A)
World War II
B)
The Civil War
C)
The Industrial Revolution
D)
The Revolutionary War
19.
As part of his hierarchy of needs, Maslow claimed that individuals are striving for
which of the following concepts?
A)
Resistance
B)
Human relations
C)
Self-actualization
D)
Power
20.
Which of the following approaches to management assumes that people are relatively
self-directed and that they will exercise imagination and ingenuity when given the
opportunity?
A)
Classical management
B)
Scientific management
C)
Human resources
D)
Theory Y management
21.
Which of the following concepts explains how truth, power, and knowledge get
constructed in everyday conversations?
A)
Domination narratives
B)
Classical approaches to management
C)
Hidden transcripts
D)
Postmodernism
Page 5
22.
The Industrial Revolution gave rise to science, which values which two of the following
concepts?
A)
Effectiveness and efficiency
B)
Creativity and constraint
C)
Predicting and controlling
D)
Organizing and communicating
23.
Which of the following approaches to management recognized a strict division of labor
and that some employees were better suited for "thinking" work, while others were
better suited for "doing" work?
A)
Theory X management
B)
Scientific management
C)
The human resources approach
D)
Theory Y management
24.
Which of the following approaches to management supports the idea that an
organization is the sum of relationships?
A)
Human relations
B)
Scientific management
C)
Human resources
D)
Classical management
25.
Which of the following is one of the major critiques of the human resources approach?
A)
It tends to over-prioritize efficiency.
B)
It often ignores the pragmatics and politics of giving a voice to employees.
C)
Most managers do not prefer it.
D)
It is not really that distinct from the human relations approach.
26.
All theories are historical and metaphorical.
A)
True
B)
False
27.
Since there are so many new theories, the classical approach to management does not
exist in our organizations today.
A)
True
B)
False
Page 6
28.
According to Rensis Likert, an exploitative/authoritative leadership style requires a high
level of employee participation.
A)
True
B)
False
29.
According to Henri Fayol, the five elements of classical management are planning,
organizing, commanding, coordinating, and controlling.
A)
True
B)
False
30.
Hidden transcripts is the term that suggests that the stories of the less powerful should
stay hidden from the larger story.
A)
True
B)
False
31.
Women's roles were a key part of Taylor's theory of management.
A)
True
B)
False
32.
In many organizations, the division of labor can assist people in acknowledging the
interdependent nature of their work.
A)
True
B)
False
33.
The Industrial Revolution marked a key turning point in the development of modern
approaches to management.
A)
True
B)
False
34.
Theories have less to do with thinking and more to do with doing.
A)
True
B)
False
35.
Henry Fayol's approach to management argues that a single employee should be
accountable to multiple bosses and multiple plans of action.
A)
True
B)
False
Page 7
36.
Classical approaches to management suggest that decision making should be
centralized. In other words, a few key people who are central to all organizational
processes should be responsible for making the majority of decisions.
A)
True
B)
False
37.
Bureaucracy argues for a rigid separation of personal life from work life.
A)
True
B)
False
38.
Bureaucracy is a key component of the human resources approach.
A)
True
B)
False
39.
The Industrial Revolution set the stage for the classical approach to management, while
World War II set the stage for the human relations approach.
A)
True
B)
False
40.
The human resources approach values employee participation and dialogue.
A)
True
B)
False
41.
Define what the text means by "theory." Give an example of a personal theory that you
have developed to guide your actions.
42.
Explain the foundations of classical management. What are the benefits and drawbacks
of this approach?
43.
Differentiate between the human relations and the human resources approaches. Use
examples to illustrate the differences.
44.
Describe the Hawthorne effect. Construct an example, different from those in the
textbook, that illustrates this phenomenon.
Page 8
45.
Identify the principles of bureaucracy, and explain its relevance to organizational
communication.
46.
How have certain historical events provided a context and a need for specific
management styles?
47.
How does Maslow's hierarchy of needs apply to organizational communication?
48.
How did Mary Parker Follett's arguments about organizations influence the
development of the human relations approach?
49.
Describe some of the limitations of the human relations approach.
50.
Identify the four types, or "systems," that come out of Likert's principle of supportive
relationships.
51.
The three approaches to management outlined in Chapter 3 all characterize the
relationships between superiors (i.e., managers) and subordinates (i.e., employees).
Trace out how this relationship is constructed according to each of these three
approaches. Provide an example of this relationship for each approach.
52.
The emergence of the classical approach to management gave rise to the need to
organize and manage labor. How has the history of managing labor (i.e., people
performing work) also been a history of resistance and domination?
53.
Theory X and Theory Y management have provided some useful descriptions of
different management styles in modern organizations. Explain the differences between
these two approaches, and construct an example of a Theory X manager and a Theory Y
manager.
Answer Key
1.
B
2.
C
3.
A
4.
D
5.
B
6.
D
7.
C
8.
D
9.
B
10.
A
11.
D
12.
B
13.
A
14.
C
15.
D
16.
B
17.
A
18.
C
19.
C
20.
D
21.
A
22.
C
23.
B
24.
A
25.
B
26.
A
27.
B
28.
B
29.
A
30.
B
31.
B
32.
B
33.
A
34.
B
35.
B
36.
A
37.
A
38.
B
39.
A
40.
A
41.
42.
43.
44.
Page 10
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
