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PEST Analysis.
What is PEST Analysis?
PEST analysis is very important that an organization considers its environment before
beginning the marketing process. In fact, environmental analysis should be continuous and
feed all aspects of planning. The organizations marketing environment is made up from:
1. The internal environment e.g. staff (or internal customers), office technology, wages and
finance, etc.
2. The micro-environment e.g. our external customers, agents and distributors, suppliers,
our competitors, etc.
3. The macro-environment e.g. Political (and legal) forces, Economic forces, Sociocultural
forces, and Technological forces. These are known as PEST factors.
Political Factors.
The political arena has a huge influence upon the regulation of businesses, and the
spending power of consumers and other businesses. You must consider issues such as:
1.How stable is the political environment?
2.Will government policy influence laws that regulate or tax your business?
3.What is the governments position on marketing ethics?
4. What is the governments policy on the economy?
5. Does the government have a view on culture and religion?
6. Is the government involved in trading agreements such as EU, NAFTA, ASEAN, or
others?
Economic Factors.
Marketers need to consider the state of a trading economy in the short and long-terms. This
is especially true when planning for international marketing. You need to look at:
1. Interest rates.
2. The level of inflation Employment level per capita.
3. Long-term prospects for the economy Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita, and so
on.
Sociocultural Factors.
The social and cultural influences on business vary from country to country. It is very
important that such factors are considered. Factors include:
1.What is the dominant religion?
2.What are attitudes to foreign products and services?
3.Does language impact upon the diffusion of products onto markets?
4.How much time do consumers have for leisure?
5.What are the roles of men and women within society?
6.How long are the population living? Are the older generations wealthy?
7.Do the population have a strong/weak opinion on green issues?
Technological Factors.
Technology is vital for competitive advantage, and is a major driver of globalization.
Consider the following points:
1. Does technology allow for products and services to be made more cheaply and to a
better standard of quality?
2.Do the technologies offer consumers and businesses more innovative products and
services such as Internet banking, new generation mobile telephones, etc?
3.How is distribution changed by new technologies e.g. books via the Internet, flight
tickets, auctions, etc?
4.Does technology offer companies a new way to communicate with consumers e.g.
banners, Customer Relationship Management (CRM), etc?
a PEST analysis measures the market potential and situation, particularly indicating
growth or decline, and thereby market attractiveness, business potential, and suitability of
