Answer at the bottom of the page

24.1 Multiple-Choice Questions

1) Which substance would be the most soluble in gasoline?

A) water

B) NaNO3

C) HCl

D) hexane

E) NaCl

2) Which one of the following could be a cyclic alkane?

A) C5H5

B) C3H6

C) C4H6

D) C2H6

E) C9H20

3) If each of the following represents an alkane, and a carbon atom is located at each vertex with the proper number of hydrogen atoms also bonded to it, which one is the most reactive?

A)

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B)

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C)

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D)

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E) They are all equally reactive since they are all alkanes.

4) Pentane has __________ structural isomers.

A) 0

B) 1

C) 2

D) 3

E) 4

5) Asphalt, isolated from petroleum, has a minimum of __________ carbon atoms.

A) 5

B) 12

C) 16

D) 20

E) 36

6) Which of the following is not currently used as an additive agent in gasoline?

A) toluene

B) ethanol

C) MTBE

D) tetraethyl lead

7) How many isomers are possible for C4H10?

A) 1

B) 2

C) 3

D) 4

E) 10

8) How many isomers are possible for C5H12?

A) 1

B) 2

C) 3

D) 4

E) 10

9) The structure of 2,3-dimethylheptane is __________.

A)

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B)

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C)

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D)

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E)

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10) When petroleum is distilled to separate the components by boiling point, the component with the highest boiling point is called __________.

A) gas

B) gasoline

C) kerosene

D) paraffin

E) asphalt

11) What type of compound has been used to replace tetraethyl lead ((C2 H5)4Pb) as an antiknock agent in gasoline?

A) aromatic compounds

B) olefins

C) fluorochlorocarbons

D) paraffins

E) oxygenated hydrocarbons

12) How many structural isomers (include all types except optical) can be drawn for C5H10?

A) 5

B) 6

C) 7

D) 10

E) 12

13) How many isomers of C2H2Cl2 are polar?

A) none

B) 1

C) 2

D) 3

E) It is impossible to tell without more information.

14) Which statement about hydrocarbons is false?

A) The smallest alkane to have structural (constitutional) isomers has 4 carbon atoms.

B) Cyclic alkanes are structural isomers of alkenes.

C) Alkanes are more reactive than alkenes.

D) Alkanes can be produced by hydrogenating alkenes.

E) Alkenes can be polymerized.

15) Which statement about addition reactions between alkenes and HBr is false?

A) The addition occurs at the double bond.

B) Bromine attacks the alkene carbon atom possessing a partial positive charge.

C) A hydrogen atom attaches to the alkene carbon atom possessing a partial negative charge.

D) The π bond breaks in the course of the reaction.

E) The proposed mechanism involves radicals.

16) Benzene behaves differently from a hydrocarbon which simply contains three CC bonds in that the latter would be expected to react much more readily with __________.

A) H2

B) Cl2

C) Br2

D) HCl

E) all of the above

17) Alcohols are hydrocarbon derivatives in which one or more hydrogens have been replaced by a hydroxyl functional group. __________ is the general formula of an alcohol.

A) ROR

B) RCOR

C) RCOOH

D) ROH

E) RCOH

18) Which one of the following is not an alcohol?

A) acetone

B) glycerol

C) ethanol

D) cholesterol

E) ethylene glycol

19) The oxidation of ethanol produces __________.

A) acetic acid

B) formic acid

C) citric acid

D) lactic acid

E) oxalic acid

20) The following reaction would produce a(n) __________.

R-OH + R’COOH →

A) ketone

B) ether

C) aldehyde

D) alcohol

E) ester

21) Which one of the following compounds is an isomer of CH3CH2CH2CH2OH?

A) CH3CH2CH2OH

B)

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C)

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D)

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E) CH3OH

22) What is the general formula for a ketone?

A) ROR

B) R-CO-R’

C) RCOOH

D) ROH

E) RCHO

23) Which of the following compounds do not contain an sp3 hybridized oxygen atom?

A) ketones

B) alcohols

C) ethers

D) esters

E) water

24) Of the compounds below, __________ is an isomer of

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A)

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B)

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C)

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D)

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E)

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25) Which structure below represents a ketone?

A)

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B)

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C)

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D)

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E)

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26) Which structure below represents an amine?

A)

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B)

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C)

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D)

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E)

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27) Which structure below represents an aldehyde?

A)

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B)

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C)

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D)

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E)

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28) Which structure below represents an ether?

A)

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B)

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C)

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D)

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E)

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29) Which structure below is not correctly drawn?

A)

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B)

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C)

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D)

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E)

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30) Which of the following compounds does not contain a CO bond?

A) ketones

B) aldehydes

C) esters

D) amides

E) ethers

31) Which one of the following molecules is chiral?

A)

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B)

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C)

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D)

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E)

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32) How many chiral carbon atoms does the neopentane (2, 2 – dimethylpropane) have?

A) 0

B) 1

C) 2

D) 3

E) 4

33) How many chiral centers are there in CH3CHClCH2CH2CHBrCH3?

A) 0

B) 1

C) 2

D) 3

E) 4

34) How many chiral centers are there in CH3CHCHCH2CHBr2?

A) 0

B) 1

C) 2

D) 3

E) 4

35) Proteins are biopolymers formed via multiple condensation coupling of which two functional groups?

A) ester and amine

B) amine and carboxylic acid

C) alcohol and carboxylic acid

D) alcohol and amine

E) ester and carboxylic acid

36) Which amino acid is not chiral?

A) leucine

B) isoleucine

C) glycine

D) alanine

E) threonine

37) The tertiary structure of proteins is maintained by __________ bonds.

A) hydrogen

B) dipole-dipole

C) ion-dipole

D) covalent

E) all of the above

38) Which of the following contains a peptide linkage?

A)

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B)

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C)

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D)

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E) none of the above

39) Sugars are examples of what type of molecule?

A) proteins

B) carbohydrates

C) nucleic acids

D) amino acids

E) salts

40) __________ is a disaccharide.

A) Glucose

B) Galactose

C) Sucrose

D) Ribose

E) Fructose

41) __________ is a monosaccharide.

A) Sucrose

B) Maltose

C) Glucose

D) Lactose

42) The principal difference between fructose and glucose is that __________.

A) fructose is a disaccharide and glucose is a monosaccharide

B) fructose is a monosaccharide and glucose is a disaccharide

C) fructose is chiral and glucose is not

D) glucose is chiral and fructose is not

E) fructose is a ketone sugar and glucose is an aldehyde sugar

43) Which one of the following is a monosaccharide?

A) fructose

B) lactose

C) sucrose

D) maltose

E) none of the above

44) Consider the following types of compounds:

(i) amino acid

(ii) nitrogen-containing organic base

(iii) phosphoric acid

(iv) five-carbon sugar

From which of the above compounds are the monomers of nucleic acids, called nucleotides, formed?

A) none

B) (i) and (ii)

C) (ii) and (iv)

D) (ii), (iii), and (iv)

E) all

45) The basic building block of nucleic acids is the __________.

A) nucleoside

B) nucleotide

C) ester linkage

D) nitrogen base

E) phosphoric acid

46) The double helix of DNA is stabilized mainly by __________.

A) ionic bonds

B) covalent bonds

C) ion-dipole bonds

D) ester bonds

E) hydrogen bonds

24.2 Bimodal Questions

1) Hybridization of the carbon atom indicated by (*) in CH3-* CH2- CH3, *CH2CH2, and CH3-*C≡CH is __________, __________, and __________, respectively.

A) sp3, sp2, sp

B) sp3, sp, sp2

C) sp, sp2, sp3

D) sp, sp3, sp2

E) sp2, sp3, sp

2) Hydrocarbons containing only single bonds between the carbon atoms are called __________.

A) alkenes

B) alkynes

C) aromatics

D) alkanes

E) ketones

3) What general class of compounds is also known as olefins?

A) alkenes

B) alkynes

C) aromatics

D) alkanes

E) ketones

4) The simplest alkyne is __________.

A) ethylene

B) ethane

C) acetylene

D) propyne

E) benzene

5) The melting and boiling points of hydrocarbons are determined by __________.

A) ion-dipole attraction

B) dipole-dipole attraction

C) London forces

D) hydrogen bonding

E) ionic bonding

6) Hydrocarbons containing carbon-carbon triple bonds are called __________.

A) alkanes

B) aromatic hydrocarbons

C) alkynes

D) alkenes

E) olefins

7) Alkynes always contain a __________.

A) CC bond

B) C≡C bond

C) CC bond

D) CH bond

E) C≡H bond

8) Alkenes always contain a __________.

A) CC bond

B) C≡C bond

C) C-C bond

D) CH bond

E) C≡H bond

9) The molecular geometry of each carbon atom in an alkane is __________.

A) octahedral

B) square planar

C) trigonal planar

D) tetrahedral

E) trigonal pyramidal

10) The minimum number of carbons necessary for a hydrocarbon to form a branched structure is __________.

A) 4

B) 6

C) 3

D) 9

E) 12

11) Cyclohexane has __________ fewer hydrogens than n-hexane.

A) 0

B) 1

C) 2

D) 3

E) 4

12) How many structural isomers of heptane exist?

A) 2

B) 4

C) 6

D) 8

E) 9

13) The general formula of an alkane is __________.

A) C2nH2n+2

B) CnH2n

C) CnH2n+2

D) CnH2n-2

E) CnHn

14) Alkanes with __________ to __________ carbons are found in straight-run gasoline.

A) 2, 3

B) 5, 12

C) 1, 5

D) 9, 15

E) 20, 60

15) Gasoline and water do not mix because gasoline is __________.

A) less dense than water

B) less viscous than water

C) nonpolar and water is polar

D) volatile and water is not

E) polar and water is nonpolar

16) Isooctane is assigned an octane number of 100, whereas __________ is assigned an octane number of 0.

A) methane

B) propane

C) benzene

D) heptane

E) nitrous oxide

17) The octane number of straight-run gasoline is about __________.

A) 0

B) 25

C) 50

D) 75

E) 93

18) Alkenes have the general formula __________.

A) CnH2n.

B) CnH2n-2.

C) CnH2n+2

D) CnHn.

E) C2nHn.

19) The compound below is an __________.

H-C=CH-CH3

A) alkyne

B) alkene

C) alkane

D) aromatic compound

E) olefin

20) What is the name of the compound below?

clip_image066

A) 2,4-methylbutene

B) 2,5-dimethylpentane

C) 2,4-ethylbutene

D) 2,4-dimethyl-1-pentene

E) 2,4-dimethyl-4-pentene

21) The name of CH3-CHCCH-CH-CHCH- CH3 is __________.

A) 2, 3, 5 – octatriene

B) 2, 5, 6 – octatriene

C) 2, 3, 6 – octatriene

D) 3, 5, 6 – octatriene

E) 3, 4, 7 – octatriene

22) __________ could be the formula of an alkene.

A) C3H8

B) C3H6

C) C6H6

D) C17H36

E) CH8

23) In general, __________ are the most reactive hydrocarbons.

A) alkenes

B) alkynes

C) alkanes

D) cycloalkanes

E) olefins

24) The addition of HBr to 2-butene produces __________.

A) 1-bromobutane

B) 2-bromobutane

C) 1,2-dibromobutane

D) 2,3-dibromobutane

E) no reaction

25) Aromatic hydrocarbons __________.

A) readily undergo addition reactions like alkenes

B) contain a series of π bonds on several consecutive carbon atoms

C) undergo substitution reactions more easily than saturated hydrocarbons

D) have sp3 hybridized carbon atoms

26) How many hydroxyl groups are in a glycerol molecule?

A) 0

B) 1

C) 2

D) 3

E) 4

27) The general formula for an ether is __________.

A) ROR’

B) RCOR’

C) RCOOH

D) ROH

E) RCOH

28) Ethers can be made by condensation of two __________ molecules by splitting out a molecule of water.

A) alkyne

B) alcohol

C) ketone

D) aldehyde

E) olefin

29) The general formula of an aldehyde is __________.

A) ROR’

B) RCOR’

C) RCOOH

D) RCHO

E) RCOOR’

30) The general formula of a carboxylic acid is __________.

A) ROR’

B) RCOR’

C) RCOOH

D) RH

E) RCOOR’

31) The general formula of an ester is __________.

A) ROR’

B) RCOR’

C) RCOOH

D) ROH

E) RCOOR’

32) CH3CH2C(O)NH2 is called a(n) __________.

A) amine

B) amide

C) ketone

D) aldehyde

E) ester

33) The compound below is a(n) __________.

clip_image068

A) carboxylic acid

B) ketone

C) aldehyde

D) ester

E) amine

34) The hybridization of the central carbon atom in an aldehyde is __________.

A) sp

B) sp3

C) sp2

D) d2sp3

E) sp4

35) Optically active molecules that are mirror images of each other are called __________.

A) allotropes

B) geometrical isomers

C) enantiomers

D) cofactors

E) chiral compounds

36) The secondary structure of a protein is the result of __________ bonding.

A) covalent

B) peptide

C) ionic

D) hydrogen

E) none of the above

37) Starch, glycogen, and cellulose are made of repeating units of __________.

A) lactose

B) glucose

C) fructose

D) sucrose

E) amino acids

38) How many chiral atoms does the open-chain form of glucose have?

A) 1

B) 2

C) 3

D) 4

E) 5

39) __________ acts as a kind of energy bank in the body, and is found concentrated in muscles and liver.

A) Lactose

B) Starch

C) Cellulose

D) Glycogen

E) Sucrose

40) What forces hold the strands of DNA together?

A) covalent bonds

B) hydrogen bonding

C) ion-dipole attraction

D) coordinate covalent bonds

24.3 Short Answer Questions

1) Electron pairs surrounding the carbon atoms in alkanes are in a __________ arrangement.

2) The resistance of gasoline to engine knocking is referred to as its __________.

3) Why is cyclopropane more reactive than propane?

4) What is the name of the compound below?

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5) Write the formula for 2-methyl-4-propylnonane.

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6) What is the correct name for the compound, CH3CH2CHCHCH2CHCHCH3?

7) What is the name of the compound below?

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8) Hydrogenation of an alkene requires high temperatures and a catalyst such as nickel. Why is this?

9) Predict the product of the catalytic hydrogenation of 6-ethyl-3-decene.

10) Hydrogenation of what alkyne produces propane?

11) In the reaction of nitric acid with benzene, which isomer is formed when a second nitro group is substituted?

12) The addition of an alkyl halide to an aromatic ring compound is called the __________ reaction.

13) The anaerobic conversion of carbohydrates to ethanol is driven by the presence of __________.

14) What is the name of the compound CH3CH2CH(OH)CH2CH2CH3?

15) The formation of aspirin by reacting salicylic acid with acetic acid is a __________ reaction.

16) In the oxidation of ethanol the intermediate formed is __________.

17) The primary ingredient in vinegar is __________

18) The aromas of different fruit are due to the chemical compounds known as __________.

19) The hydrolysis of an ester in the presence of a base is called __________.

20) Non-superimposable mirror-image isomers of a substance are called __________.

21) Living organisms must expend energy to counter any increase in __________.

22) The doubly ionized form of an amino acid is called a __________

23) Of the 20 amino acids found in our bodies, __________ of them must be ingested because our bodies cannot synthesize sufficient quantities of them.

24) Large protein molecules that act as catalysts are called __________.

25) The most important acidic and basic functional groups in all amino acids are the __________ and the ________ groups, respectively.

26) The condensation reaction of a carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of a second amino acid results in the formation of a __________.

27) Lactose is a disaccharide of glucose and __________.

28) The monomers of nucleic acids, called nucleotides, consist of three parts. These are __________.

29) In DNA adenine is always paired with __________.

24.4 True/False Questions

1) The overall polarity of organic molecules is high.

2) Cyclobutane is more reactive than butane.

3) The stability of benzene is a major function of delocalized π bonding.

4) Aldehydes are less reactive than ketones.

5) A carbon with three or more attached groups will be chiral.

6) Racemic mixtures of enantiomers do not rotate the plane of polarized light.

7) The majority of glucose molecules exist in ring structure.

8) Humans digest starch but not cellulose because of differences in the type of linkage between the glucose monomers of these substances

9) The DNA double helix is held together by hydrogen bonds and London dispersion forces.

Answer:

 

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